How to Encourage Creative Freedom and Discovery in a Class o essays

The most effective method to Encourage Creative Freedom and Discovery in a Class o expositions For multi year old kids there drawings are phases of pictures that I can concur upon in light of the fact that multi year old youngsters in an entire draws pictures on things they like and emotions they are having. In perusing the positive and negative recommendations on innovative educating, it says that to utilize are as an indispensable piece of the days action shows a functioning and earnest enthusiasm for the things being finished. This is a positive proposal which I feel is genuine in light of the fact that making workmanship a day by day movement in a childs day by day schedule of the day the kid gets the chance to communicate there day or get t o make items or things they like. Another positive articulation was made that youngsters are just keen on exhibiting the truth of the brain and feelings not the truth of outward appearances. This is likewise an another genuine explanation since youngsters in an entire express there sentiments through drawings contrasted with a multi ye ar old who draws stick figures yet shows or express their sentiments of self-assurance. In the positive proclamation it says kids need a specific level of security; give them a sentiment of freedom. In that explanation when I accomplished the work with a youngster task I did it with my nephews and the two of them didnt like me floating over them. They needed to communicate there most loved spot in there drawings and when they where completed they felt certain to inform me regarding there place. How might I empower inventive opportunity and revelation in a study hall of multi year olds? What I would do is urge my class to draw or paint anything they desired. At that point after they draw or paint I would request that my class clarify individually what they drew and why they drew it. For instance the work with a youngster task I told my nephew draw there most loved spot, yet anything they needed one drew a recreation center and the other paint he need to go pumpkin picking. At the point when I asked them for what reason they one who drew the recreation center said ... <!

In Another Country Essays

In Another Country Essays In Another Country Paper In Another Country Paper Article Topic: A Farewell to Arms War is the most exceedingly terrible thing a world can go up against. For me. war is ever connected with misery. misfortune. anguish and people’s fortitude. And every one of these subjects are splendidly unfurled in the account In Another Country by Ernest Hemingway. which is getting looked at. Hemingway is an American author of the twentieth century. who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. The 1s of his praised plants incorporate The Sun Besides Rises. A Farewell to Arms. The Old Man and The Sea. The prominence of Hemingway’s depends regarding the matters. which are love. war. wild and misfortune. which are all unequivocally evident in the natural structure of work. The rubric of the story is astounding. as it has two significances: immediate and circuitous 1. From the start glimpse. In Another Country. alludes to the way that the American narrator is so in a remote land-Italy. In any case, its opposite side is that the main saint is socially. sincerely in another state. He is at War. the condition of the so-called’ ailment and injuring. Presently permit me give you the short Reconstruction of the occasions. It was fall in Milan. a gathering of troopers injured in World War I got mediation at a hospital. There. one of the central characters. the narrator of the account. injured in his articulatio sort. saw three Italian fighters. in any case, felt an extraordinary divider among him and them. since he had gotten his enrichment for being an American. what's more, they truly performed endeavors of fortitude to have theirs. Another central character. the major with the wilted manus showed him Italian. One twenty-four hours. the major lost control when Nick references about marriage. he burst out. since the major’s wedded lady had just kicked the bucket. The major could non clear himself to the loss of his wedded lady. He was squashed. broken by the knowledge. While perusing the account we can region a few key-focuses. which help us to comprehend and investigate the specific circumstance. Furthermore, the head of them. to my head are war and mental fortitude. First. permit me brood upon the mental fortitude. The disposition towards mental fortitude is diverse in footings of the characters of the story. The character of the narrator is depicted in a roundabout way. through his thoughts. He wasn’t a fearless grown-up male during the war. I was extremely much hesitant to die†¦ and asking how I would be the point at which I returned to the forepart again’ . With respect to the three officers. there was no impression of the mental fortitude in the signs of any of these people. The narrator calls them chasing birds of prey . They were runing for beautifications. stuff esteems. given by the specialists. non for the religion. The disposition of the supporter and the fighters are other than explicit because of demeanor towards the war. so was the major. We get the opportunity to cognize from the account that they are Italian. They are extremely steadfast individuals. furthermore, their duty was to ensure their state. as the war was on their region. Furthermore, the narrator was just an American. Allow me to refer to: I had been given the enhancements since I was an American†¦being injured. all things considered. was genuinely a mishap. He didn’t comprehend why individuals bite the dust. what they battled for. The activity of the lost generation’ emerges here. The truth of the matter is that Americans were indifferent to the war. Their motivation was just to partake and being injured. As the result. the connection between the narrator and the officers were explicit. Allow me to refer to: I was a companion. in any case, I was neer really one of them†¦ they have done various things to get their decorations . I wasn’t a falcon . Concerning the major. he didn’t have confidence in mental fortitude at. What's more, Through his misfortune we comprehend that for the narrator the major was the most courageous grown-up male of all. as he had a solid head and attempted to get by with his sentiments like a valiant warrior. We are to recognize that the author utilizes diverse complex gadget. what makes the story progressively expressive. dazzling and intriguing to peruse. As a matter of first importance it is the utilization of outside words. for case Signor Maggiore . A basso gliufficiali! . which mirror the Italian mood. where the activity takes topographic point. Other complex gadget is imagery. which. to my head. pervasive in this account. The recovering machines are the image of bogus guarantees and expectations. I quote: †¦ there were large confined photograps around the divider. of a wide range of sores when they had been restored by the machines†¦ I do non cognize where the doctor got them . furthermore, this image other than ensnare with mockery. e. g. You will have the option to play football again like nothing anyone's ever seen . Different images. broiled chestnuts . charcoal fire . are the expectations to improve things. since they mean light and warmth. The account makes use of rehash to pressure the story In the harvest time the war was ever there . It was cold in the fall in Milan and the dim came extremely early. He rehashes this idea with a to some degree distinctive highlight at the terminal of the section: It was a cool pre-winter and the air current descended from the mountains. This portrayal of nature here is other than rather representative. It makes me experience the vibe of perish and misery. In choice I can express that it is smth wicked and tragic. Be that as it may, through every one of these disasters we are to remain universes and fearlessness 1s. The war will finish. be that as it may, the human instinct is imperishable.

Custom Term Papers Reviews - Common Pitfalls People Run Into When Reading Their Term Papers

Custom Term Papers Reviews - Common Pitfalls People Run Into When Reading Their Term PapersCustom term papers reviews make it possible for people to read through term papers before they get to the actual topic of the papers. This way, individuals can not only familiarize themselves with the term papers that they will be reading, but also understand the most common pitfalls that a student will encounter when reading them. Here are some of the most common pitfalls that people will face while reading their term papers:Do not read beyond your time table. Reading through your papers too soon will result in too much information being introduced into your mind too soon. When you are not used to reading, it is easier for you to become confused with what is being introduced to you. Hence, do not read too much into the contents of your papers too soon.Do not compare your term papers with others. While you are in fact able to obtain very good term papers from others, the fact is that you may ge t a lot better ones than them. This is why you should not try to compare your term papers with others.Make sure that you take notes and do not miss out on anything that you should know about. You should note down on anything that you can and thus, if there is something that you should know, you should note it down right away. If you have forgotten a particular thing, you can simply go back to your notes and re-read the entire paper if you want to.Do not assume that your term papers will be perfect. Instead, you should focus on making the term papers as good as you can. This means that you should make sure that you give the best that you can and hence, do not give your term papers that are not good. If you do not have confidence in your term papers, then it would be best if you make it a point to rewrite them so that you can get them perfect.Do not read through your term papers at night. There are many people who do not think that they need to read their term papers at night. However , if you are going to be working on your term papers during the day, then make sure that you also go to bed.Do not make the mistake of ignoring your assignments. One of the biggest mistakes that people make is that they forget to come back to their assignments for revision after they finish writing them. If you do not have to worry about your assignments for the next few weeks, then make sure that you pay attention to your assigned papers.You can read through term papers, reviews from other students as well. This way, you can see how other students who are also reading the same term papers are enjoying their reading experience. This will ensure that you enjoy your term papers more and hence, you are able to enjoy your papers even more.

Different Theories Associates With Having Mental States

The following essay explores varying theories associates with having mental states. According to a Philosophy professor at Simon Fraser University, Dr. Mac, mental states are beliefs or desires or more precisely, states of mind. In this essay, we examine behaviourism and type identity theory, the views held by doctor one and two respectively. In accordance to me, doctor one’s ideology is more acceptable because behaviourism not only provides a solution to the dualism problem but also provides a clear meaning as to what mental states are and the role they play in our day to day lives. The argument is supported by the fact that behaviourism is a scientifically accepted theory, it allows for psychologists to carry out their research and it†¦show more content†¦A ‘categorical mistake’ is â€Å"an error in logic in which one category of something thing is presented as belonging to another category† (Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry). Behaviou rism is one of the first theories which comes close to counting the close unity between the mind and the body. It takes into account that if a person thinks or believes something, then he is likely to behave that way. The person lacking the human brain acts/behaves normally, this indicates that he must think or believe something. Thus, he has mental states. Behaviourism also aligns with clinical research by psychologists. Many psychologists like B.F Skinner use the bases of behaviourism and the mind-body problem to clinically find solutions to depression and understand its cause and relations with behaviours that an individual with depression displays. One of the major concerns occurring in Behaviourism is the fact that there is no common behaviour to all cases. This means that if one person, who feels pain flinches, does not mean that another person feeling pain will flinch too. Thus, it is hard to tell if the person who lacks the brain will display the same behaviour as we do. An other problem that behaviourism does not account for is the lack of feelings for a mental state. It eliminates the feelings and experience of having a mental state. This means that we do not know how the experience of a person

Comparison of Themes in In The Most Dangerous Game by...

In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† by Richard Connell and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne both stories have very different themes. Brown is a man that has followed the right path all his life suddenly is challenged to face temptaion and ending all his curosity. He decides to go into the forest to face the devil. In Richard Connells short story he centers his theme around how far peoople will go when they fear for their life, people will do anything to survive. I. Young Goodman Brown A. The weakness of public morality B. The inevitable loss of innocence and the fear of the wilderness II. The Most Dangerous Game A. Effects of war B. Reason versus Instinct Brown has to face some of the same problems that†¦show more content†¦Both of them have seemed to have different war experiences. Rainsford is in the position of being hunted. Connell also suggests that Zaroffs martial experiences altered him and allowed him to think of other people as worthy prey. Connell is showing the hunter and the prey how to kill or to be killed. The story consists of lots of violence as he hunts for humans. The author wants us to see the cruelty in the hunting for animals, or humans. He shows reason and instinct through Rainsfords friend Whitney, who asserts that animals instinctively feel fear and then confesses that Captain Neilsons description of Ship-Trap Island has given him chills. Rainsford realized that all creatures, including people, rely on fear and their instinct to survive to avoid pain and death. Rainsford was a committed and determined survivor he just does not give up. Being a good hunter meant that he had the ability to improvise and take risks. Goodman Brown could be anyone and the author is simply stating that this is a common problem that everyone will have to deal with at some point in time in their life. Its always easier to stray away from the good path. It’s the nature of evil, the hypocrisy in peop le, and the decisions that we make. While many people may blame religion when it’s a path that was chosen. Goodman Brown losses his wife Faith, his faith in salvation, and his faith in man. General Zaroff attempts to justifyShow MoreRelatedShort Story Compare/Contrast1439 Words   |  6 PagesFiction Essay ENGL 102: Composition and Literature MLA Outline THESIS: In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† by Richard Connell and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, imagery and characterization are employed to illustrate the ever present inner darkness of humanity. However, the authors set very different themes in how their protagonists reflect upon and respond to being faced with it. Both men must choose whether they will reject and confront evil or simply abide it with apathy.

Marketing Plan of Gatorade - 8149 Words

Gatorade Strategic Marketing Plan Table of content Executive summary 2 Introduction 3 Product presentation 4 Company description 4 Product description 4 The environment 7 PEST Analysis of Energy Drinks Industry 7 Market Analysis 10 Situation Analysis of Gatorade in the sports drinks industry 10 Past Marketing Efforts analysis 12 Competition 13 Target Market 15 Marketing Plan 18 Marketing objectives 18 Marketing strategies 18 Evaluation of the potential budget 25 Marketing Budget 25 Budget summary for one year 26 Evaluation of the success of the plan and prospectives 27 Tracking 27 Prospectives 27 Conclusion 28 References 29 Websites 29 Executive summary The aim of this Marketing Plan†¦show more content†¦The electrolytes and carbohydrates were not built up again after sweating†¦So the researchers found a balanced formula between electrolytes and carbohydrates to replace these elements lost through sweating. It was Gatorade. The Gatorade Sport Science Institute, founded in Barrington, was interested in athletes’needs at a pro level. It held scientific research in sports and improved the number and the quality of the products. They also developed several flavors for each product. The aim of this institute is to optimize the health and performance of athletes through new products which have several functions : Hydration, Sport nutrition, Training and performance. Nowadays, Gatorade is present with energy drink, energy bar and nutrition shake and is present in more than eighty countries. Product description Gatorade offers three series of products: - GSeries : divided into 3 types of product: Before – During – After (the exercise) - GSeries Pro : divided into 3 types of product: Before – During – After (the exercise). - GNatural. Products which can be consumed before doing sport are called 01prime, during the exercise 02 perform and after the efforts 03 recover. GSeries : particularly adapted for training or competition. GSeries 01 prime must preferably be consumed 15 minutes before doing sports to provide energy by a high dose of carbohydrate energy to muscles. GSeries 02perform has 4 products and must be consumed during the activity. It offers to athletesShow MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For Nike And Gatorade Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesThis project will merge the two companies together as partners in more than just the way of marketing. The product idea for this assignment is a tube of lip balm with the electrolyte replenishment of Gatorade with the Nike logo. This marketing plan is designed for Nike and Gatorade and is meant to secure funding for a new product development project. The goal of this project is to increase the value of Nike cooperation as well as financial growth for the companies’ employees. Nike has launchedRead MoreGatorade Marketing Plan For Gatorade Sporting Equipment2376 Words   |  10 Pages GATORADE MARKETING PLAN By Student’s Name: Course Name: Tutor: University: Department: Date: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Gatorade Company is mainly concerned with the manufacture and distribution of sporting equipment for commercial and domestic uses based on their knowledge of the best industry practices for the production of sporting equipment. The primary agenda of this market plan is for it to work as a strategy to guide the company on how to supply the customers of Gatorade with qualityRead MoreMarketing Plan For Gatorade Increase Employee Production1972 Words   |  8 Pagestogether to create a new e-marketing strategy that will give Gatorade with a new online presence, and that will give them the tools they need to present themselves with a fresh start in the marketing world. Having tasks and a timetable is really important when creating a new marketing plan because it allows a company to stay motivated and focused on making sure they are giving the company a chance at success (Johnson, n.d.). That is why with this plan I will have a 5-10 year plan attached to it becauseRead MoreMarketing P lan For Gatorade Increase Employee Production1972 Words   |  8 Pagestogether to create a new e-marketing strategy that will give Gatorade with a new online presence, and that will give them the tools they need to present themselves with a fresh start in the marketing world. Having tasks and a timetable is really important when creating a new marketing plan because it allows a company to stay motivated and focused on making sure they are giving the company a chance at success (Johnson, n.d.). That is why with this plan I will have a 5-10 year plan attached to it becauseRead MoreExplain the Various Elements of the Marketing Process of Gatorade670 Words   |  3 Pages1.1. Explain the various elements of the marketing process: 1.1.a. Elements of the marketing process: The marketing process consists of four steps. These four steps are all completed with the goal of creating value for your target customers. Some elements of the steps are performed continuously, such as monitoring the marketing environment. Some are done annually, such as the annual development of a marketing communications plan. Lastly, some of the steps, if done correctly, should last for decadesRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Gatorade1298 Words   |  6 Pageshave a marketing strategies to grab the attention of the viewers and hopefully lure them to try or buy the product. Yesterday, I read an advertisement for Gatorade and I said to myself, no wonder why Gatorade has been at the top of their competition for a long time now. The secret is they know how to advertise! The flavor of their drinks has been the same for over a decades now. 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Today’s consumers go to the internet to find new and existing products that meet their needs and provide value for them in their everyday lives. Gatorade has decided to revamp their internet marketing strategy to gain an online presence and get the upper hand on their competitors. The competitors we are going to analyze and critique are PowerAde, Vitaminwater and Coke. I identified the competitors by looking at the sports

Low Self Esteem Essay Example For Students

Low Self Esteem Essay Languages, colors, cultures and also the way one behaves may differ from one nation to another. Yet, each and every one of us living on the surface of this planet have several things in common. One of these similarities is that we all have a way of regarding our own self. It is believed that a large amount of individuals feel very good about themselves. Nevertheless, from time to time even the best of us get a dose of negative emotions. Very heartbreaking stories about self dislike were told by many depressed teenagers and older people. What are the causes of this kind of Low Self Esteem Essay and how can one person get solutions to outcome them? Self Esteem is defined as confidence in your own merit as an individual#. Such concepts as self-esteem and self-image have been regarded by some social psychologists as useful, while others have regarded them as unnecessary. There is a considerable amount of research on such topics but it would be very difficult to find the exact definition because volumes have been written about self esteem. Definitions given in self esteem literature run a yard long. But after cutting through all the scientific words, the question of self-esteem really centers down to something quite simple: How do a person feels about his/herself? If the person feels good about him/herself, they have a high self-esteem. If they feel bad about him/herself, they have a low self esteem. Since low self esteem is a worst problem than the higher one, lets examine it to find some solution by investigating a number of low self esteem causes and personal cases. Individuals with truly high self esteem feel good about themselves and continue believing in themselves regardless of what others think of them. Some people feel good about themselves only as long as others support them and approve them. The moment another person criticizes them, or withdraws her or his support from them, they not only feel bad about themselves, they may even hate themselves. That would be the first step into low self-esteem. When a person acts like that, life can be hurtful for most of the time and they might find themselves at the mercy of others. When these kind of persons dont have the emotional freedom and independence from the criticism and approval of others, their choice of action is limited. There may be options far superior and promising but they may be too apprehensive to choose them because they primarily depend too much on other peoples immediate approval. Thinking that it would be impossible for them to do things right they end-up being incapable to do things accurately. People who are unsure of themselves have trouble sustaining their relationships because their feelings get easily hurt. They are too quick to read insult and ridicule in the innocent remarks of others. Since they feel insulted, hurt, embarrassed, and ashamed without due cause, their reactions baffle and pushes others away. They ride an emotional roller coaster and some of them resort to alcohol and drugs.# This problem occurs most likely among teenagers or older young people. This is due because of the limitations that might frustrate them. They are growing up, and often there is a period of awkwardness in which dropping things or bumping into them is a daily embarrassment. Then, too, they simply dont have an adults experience in bouncing back from disappointments. And because their perceptive powers havent been sufficiently trained through use, they may not always make the wisest decisions.# At times they may feel that they cant do anything right. Amelia Earhart (898 words) EssayFailure to meet ones parents expectations can be another cause of low self-esteem. If I make an A minus in school, one youth says, my folks want to know why it wasnt an A and forget about appreciating my hard work. After that they even start comparing me unfairly with my older brother. Such kind of unjust comparisons are a good reason for a teenager to develop a low self-esteem. At this level a youth should try to develop a better self-respect. But how is this possible? First, teens should take an honest look at their assets and liabilities. This should also include an investigation .

Review of Civil War Stories by Ambrose Bierce Essay Example

Review of Civil War Stories by Ambrose Bierce Essay Perhaps no other writer in American history was more uniquely qualified to compose fiction about the American Civil War as Ambrose Bierce.   Naturally disposed toward gritty realism adn journalistic observation,but given to flights of poetic ecstacy, Bierce   served in the Civil War as a soldier, enlisting out of his home in Warsaw, Indiana, (Gale, 2001, p. 51) and wen on to attain the rank of Lieutenant by the wars close. Along the way, he faced combat, being trapped behind enemy lines,   and whose unit which participated in the battle of Shiloh [] suffered the greatest number of casualties of all Union regiments involved on 6–7 April (Gale, 2001, p. 51).   Bierce later wrote extensively about his experiences and the fiction he generated stands as some of the most interesting and innovative writing made during the early post-war years.The stories collected in Ambrose Bierces Civil War Stories were originally published in 1909 as part of the two volume set The Collecte d Works of Ambrose Bierce. The sixteen works of fiction collected in Civil War Stories span a range of genres from memoir, as in What I Saw of Shiloh, to allegory as in An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, to what   might be described as adventure/travelogue, as in Four Days in Dixie. The stories in the book are placed in what appears to be a random, but   is most likely a thematic, order; however, there are no designations for one type of story as opposed to another, no sub-headings or section breaks. The stories are presented without editorial commentary or embellishment.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unlike the facts-only historical writings that study the Civil War, Bierces writings are flavored with poetic description, biting sarcasm, colorful characters, and well-made plots. The conflicts of the large war are made at a personal level through his descriptive writings. In the case of a story like An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge the death-knell of the South is prese nted as the death of a single man and the moral of the story is that to dream is sometimes to belive in a fallacy which will result in death.In other stories like What I Saw of Shiloh, the reader learns what it was like in a real Civil War battlefield, with grim and shocking descriptions of the battlefields and the dead.   His description of a mortally wounded Federal sergeant is both grotesque and blackly humorous. A bullet had clipped a groove in his skull, above the temple; from this his brain protruded in bosses, dropping off in flakes and strings. I had not previously known that one could get on, even in this unsatisfactory fashion, with so little brain. (Bierce, 1994, p. 10) The above quote shows how Bierce combined sarcasm with realistic detail in order to both horrify his readers and let them see certain realities of war which would contradict the glamorous attitudes that were often used to recruit soldiers and convince citizens to make war. Bierces themes in Civil War Sto ries often make use of pitting the fantasy of war against the reality of war.Using his life experience as a background enabled Bierce to create fiction that would ring as reality for the readers of his time and throughout to the present day.   Perhaps no story better than his most famous Civil War story An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge demonstrates that Bierce wanted to discourage the glamorization of war.   However, all of the tales in Civil War Stories could be considered as showing the reality of war better than the fantasy of war. Where historical studies make use of statistics and dates, Ambrose Bierces fiction makes ample use of anecdotal evidence, and is often sheer fiction without even the pretext of being factually true. Instead, Bierce tries to express the essence of war through the immediate impact for better or worse on the individual person who experiences war. Also within the context of the lived-experience, Bierce is able to show the loss of innocence in a young person, as he does so well in Four Days in Dixie bit also the romanticization of youth and innocence even in the midst of the horrors of war, as he does in What I Saw of Shiloh.The humorous aspect of Bierces writings also gives the memoir and fictional visions of the Civil War an authentic, real-life feeling, reminding modern readers that the people who fought and died in the Civil War or had their lives completely upturned by the war   were people and not just anonymous casualties. By personalizing the war, Bierce may be offering his readers the chance to decide for themselves just how romantic war is and whether or not participating in a war   is morally or even logistically advisable.   A shift in Bierces narrative tone also shows this same encroaching cynicism:It is interesting to compare Bierces description of Chickamauga, written in 1898, with his   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   account of Shiloh, which was begun as early as 1875 [] The trembling indignation , the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   flashes of poetry, that make Shiloh a fine bit of writing, are absent from Chickamauga. In   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the latter piece he merely set down the facts with yawning indifference.   (McWilliams,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1929, p. 51)In A Horseman in the Sky Bierce offers one of the most climactic and sensational plot-twists in the book, which indicates just how hard it is to establish fiction from memoir in these stories. Of course the situation described in the story that a son would shoot his own father probably happened during the Civil War but Bierces version of it is certainly fictional and dramatized in order to leave the reader with a specific impact and meaning. The most illustrative aspect of Civil War Stories is not pictures, per se, but the dramatic mental images generated by Bierces writings.   Most readers will walk away from Civil War Stories with a   deeper and more immediate grasp of the Civil War as it impacted those who participated in it and were touched by it on a personal level. This provides an excellent counterpart to the big picture   view that is gained by reading strictly non-fiction studies of the Civil War.

50 Synonyms for Idea

50 Synonyms for Idea 50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea† 50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea† By Mark Nichol What’s the big idea? Or, more appropriately, what kind of idea is it? Many ways of expressing the idea of an idea await your consideration; here’s an extensive but not necessarily comprehensive list (including other connotations and meanings of the various synonyms): 1. Abstraction: a theoretical idea; also, the process of abstracting, the condition of being disassociated, an abstract work of art, or the quality of being preoccupied 2. Apprehension: the act or quality of becoming aware or grasping a meaning; also, the act of arresting someone or to a sense of foreboding 3. Assumption: a statement taken for granted; also, the act of taking for granted that something is true, or taking something on or laying claim to it, or arrogance or pretension 4. Belief: something held to be true or proper; also, a conviction that something is true, or the state of mind in which someone places confidence in someone or something 5. Brain wave: see brainstorm; also, variations in voltage in the brain, and resulting electrical currents 6. Brainchild: an idea or product one has thought up or created 7. Brainstorm: A sudden idea; also, a brief bout of insanity 8. Caprice: a sudden change in an idea or way of thinking; also, a whimsical inclination, or a lively musical composition 9. Chimera: a fantasy or unrealistic idea; also, an imaginary or mythological creature with anatomical features of various animals or biological phenomena involving genetic diversity in a single organism 10. Cogitation: a distinct idea; also, the act of thinking, or the capacity to do so 11. Cognition: the result of a mental process; also, the mental process itself 12. Conceit: an imaginative idea, or an idea held to be true or appropriate; also, excessive self-regard, a complicated or far-reaching metaphor, a theme, or a fancy trinket 13. Conception: an idea, or the result of abstract thinking; also, the forming or understanding of ideas, the body of ideas that constitute one’s understanding of something, or a beginning or the process of beginning pregnancy 14. Conclusion: an idea formed based on consideration, or a judgment or inference; also, a result or the act of bringing something to an end, or of deciding or summing up a legal case 15. Conjecture: an idea inferred or supposed, or reached by deduction; also, something that has yet to be proven or disproven 16. Conviction: a strongly held idea; also, the state of mind of someone who firmly holds an idea as true, or the act of finding someone guilty of a crime or the state of being found or having been found guilty 17. Delusion: an idea that is mistaken or misleading; also, the act of state of having false ideas, or holding such a false idea as a symptom of mental illness 18. Fancy: see primary definition of whim; also, liking for something, or imagination 19. Freak: see primary definition of whim; also, a strange event, person, or thing, or a person who is enthusiastic about or obsessed with something 20. Guess: an idea one has based on initial or incomplete information 21. Hallucination: an idea or sensory phenomenon produced by a drug or a mental disorder 22. Hunch: see intuition; also, a bulge or lump 23. Hypothesis: an unproven idea assumed to be true as a basis for experimentation or investigation 24. Illusion: see the primary definition of delusion; also, a misleading phenomenon, or the fact or state of being misled 25. Image: a mental picture, or an idea one is able to envision based on words; also, a depiction or picture, the ideal depiction of someone or something based on propaganda or publicity, or someone who closely resembles another 26. Impression: an uncertain or vague idea; also, the act of pressing something into a medium or material to make an outline of it, or producing a figurative equivalent in someone’s mind, or the literal or figurative result of such an action, or an imitation, for the purposes of entertainment, of a well-known person 27. Inspiration: an imaginative idea or feeling; also, something that prompts or is the product of such an idea or feeling, the quality or state of this condition, or the prompting of emotion or thinking, or the act of breathing in 28. Intellection: the act of thinking or reasoning 29. Intuition: an idea based on a sudden realization, or on feeling without conscious thinking 30. Kink: see the primary definition of whim; also, an unusual or clever approach, an eccentricity or fetish, a curl, twist, or other imperfection, or a cramp 31. Mind’s eye: the ability to envision ideas or depictions, or the product of this ability 32. Notion: an idea or understanding that may be imaginative or speculative; also, something believed to be true or appropriate, or, in plural form, practical personal or hygienic items 33. Observation: an idea based on awareness or notice; also, adherence to a custom, principle, or rule, the act of seeing or thinking about something or the ability to do so, the gathering of information or evidence, or the state of being noticed or watched 34. Opinion: a statement or idea one holds to be true or appropriate; also, a judicial statement summarizing a decision about a case 35. Perception: an idea based on noticing; also, awareness, or the ability to understand 36. Phantasm: a misleading idea; also, a fantasy, a ghost, or an illusion 37. Picture: a mental image; also, a copy, depiction, or image, an exemplar, or a set of circumstances 38. Preconception: an idea assumed before careful consideration 39. Prejudice: an idea or feeling of dislike or animosity about someone or something; also, wrong done to someone 40. Premonition: an idea or feeling of impending action or occurrence 41. Prepossession: see the primary definition of prejudice; also, an obsession with one idea or thing 42. Presentiment: see premonition 43. Reflection: an idea formed, or a comment made, after careful thinking; also, the act of careful thinking, or something that causes a negative response, or the return of light or sound waves from a surface, the creation of such a phenomenon, or the phenomenon itself 44. Speculation: consideration of what may be true or what may happen; also, a risky investment with potential for great profit, or the act of investing in this manner 45. Supposition: an idea based on preliminary consideration, or one that someone believes 46. Surmise: see guess 47. Theory: an unproven idea, or one presented for consideration; also, a group of ideas or principles 48. Thought: an idea formed in one’s mind; also, the act of thinking, a way of thinking, or an intention, or consideration or the power to consider 49. Vagary: an odd or unpredictable idea 50. Whim: an unusual and perhaps sudden idea; also, a rotating drum or shaft Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs PastItalicizing Foreign WordsHow Do You Fare?

Introduction to Financial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction to Financial Accounting - Essay Example The business strategy of the company is to remain focused on building its brands and improve upon its estate. â€Å"The company’s strategy is to be a modern, high quality, highly efficient brewer, wholesaler and retailer of premium specialty beers, wines, spirits, and minerals.† (J.B.Neame, Chief Executive in 2007 Annual Report). The company is admitting in its report that turnover of the company is increasing year by year, but it fails to mention anything about liquidity position of the company. Keeping in view such shortcomings in the material issued by the company as well as based on above background about company; and also as per available terms of references, the financial and overall performance of the company has been analyzed in this write-up as under. 3. In order to evaluate the impact of market developments, the situation has been analyzed based on earning per share and the posture of low capital gearing adopted by the company, in absence any data available about the company from active markets. In respect of analyzing the sales behavior over period from 2005 to2007, the sales in absolute figures have grown from  £91,354,000 in 2005 to  £95,343,000 in 2006 and to  £100,047,000 in 2007. Relatively sales in 2007 have grown 4.9% over 2006 and 9.51% over 2005. The sales behavior is very positive and encouraging despite smoking ban. The basic reason for such tremendous growth in absolute sales is growth in company’s infrastructural facilities providing a real push to the business. By the end of 2007 the company owned 376 pubs; and out of these338 pubs are freehold. Further the adherence to basic strategy of brand building is in fact paying dividends in the growth of gross turnover of the company. On this issue the chairman of the company emphasized in his statement in company’s annual report 2007, â€Å"Our business strategy remains to build our brands, invest to improve our pub estate, remain focused on our strength and to improve our overall

Tesco Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tesco Company - Essay Example The paper describes the business where competition among the organizations is increasing day by day, different companies implement different corporate strategies to meet the changing requirements o f the business world and to gain competitive advantage. Tesco was also faced with these changes and challenges that were hindering the success and leadership position of the organization. Tesco came up different corporate strategies in different areas to overcome such challenges and difficulties. Along with these strategies, Tesco focused maximum on retaining its consumers; Tesco understands the value of consumers in today’s world of business. On the other hand, till today Tesco is striving hard to retain the strength of its customers without making them disappointed of their services and facilities. As a result, Tesco not only met the changing requirements of the business world but these effective steps also gained them success and strong competitive advantage over others. In the paper we can find out how to change and develop the company. The document clearly allocates Tesco’s main objective was to gain maximum consumer loyalty as it is a fundamental truth that â€Å"consumer is a king.† Customer satisfaction is the key to gain success for any company in both long run and short run. It is important for a company to focus mainly on a customer’s needs and wants. Tesco focused more on approaching their customers by implementing thorough consumer approach. Tesco focused more on understanding the needs and demands of their customers in order to remain in the market and to deliver the best to their customers. As a result, this strategy would help Tesco to gain maximum consumer satisfaction and to remain in the business in long run. Implementation of this strategy not only helped Tesco to grow and expand its business, gain maximum consumer satisfaction as well as it helped Tesco to gain employee motivation by bringing new ideas in the business and implementing innovation to their business. This triggered the employees of Tesco to become more innovative in order to deliver best of consumer satisfaction to their clients. 2- ADOPTION OF EFFECTIVE STRATEGIC HR POLICIES: Tesco realized the importance of effective and efficient workforce. No doubt, employees are the basic pillars of any organization which stand as the main driving force and contribute significantly in the success of an organization. Tesco was faced with the challenge of obsolete HR policies and incapable team of employees which were unable to meet the competition in the market, challenges faced by Tesco and growing needs of the business world. Tesco implemented a thoroughly revised strategic HR policy as a change agent to meet the challenges of the business world and to sustain its position in the market. Before implementing the strategy, Tesco ensure that each employee of its company understands his role and set of responsibilities in organization. Tesco also ensured that all the employees contribute together in the suc cess of company and to make it more dynamic in a tough competitive environment. However, Tesco was also faced with the union problem from its employees in America which the organization handled very carefully in order to minimize the gravity of the situation (David Theather). As a result, Tesco motivated its employees to become productive, motivated and innovative to attain the success objective and to meet the challenges of highly competitive global market (Steve Hammett and Ken McMeikan). The implementation of this strategy enabled the employees to understand their role and responsibilities

Synchronization Of Federal And Dod Procurement Policies And Ethical Standards Essay Example for Free

Synchronization Of Federal And Dod Procurement Policies And Ethical Standards Essay The United States is not just admired of its technological advancement, its economic status and its military power but also of its sound and tight laws including its internal rules and regulations covering government agencies. In the case of the Department of Defense, Federal Laws and rules were kept updated as much as possible in the sense that revisions of internal policies were carried out. New versions of rules and regulations kept on coming in with reference to new laws or executive orders being approved and released. The biggest problem however, as it has also been with other agencies is that there is indeed a lack of strict implementation of such rules and regulations. This problem is proven by the increasing number of fraud cases in the procurement transactions undergone by the DOD. In order for us to find the flaw on the implementation system, let us evaluate the performance of the agencies wherein policy implementation on DOD were being delegated and entrusted. These agencies were not merely responsible for the implementation of the policies and procedures, specifically on procurement process but also for its monitoring. Let us closely look into the Office of the Government Ethics which is, according to Executive Order 12731, will be responsible for the administration of Principles Of Ethical Conduct For Government Officers And Employees. Specifically, EO 12731 (Section 201) should be administered by: (a) Promulgating, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Office of Personnel Management, regulations that establish a single, comprehensive, and clear set of executive-branch standards of conduct that shall be objective, reasonable, and enforceable. b) Developing, disseminating, and periodically updating an ethics manual for employees of the executive branch describing the applicable statutes, rules, decisions, and policies. (c) Promulgating, with the concurrence of the Attorney General, regulations interpreting the provisions of the post-employment statute, section 207 of title 18, United States Code; the general conflict-of-interest statute, section 208 of title 18, United States Code; and the statute prohibiting supplementation of salaries, section 209 of title 18, United States Code. d) Promulgating, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Office of Personnel Management, the regulations establishing a system of nonpublic (confidential) financial disclosure by executive branch employees to complement the system of public disclosure under the Ethics in Government Act of 1978. Such regulations shall include criteria to guide agencies in determining which employees shall submit these reports. (e) Ensuring that any implementing regulations issued by agencies under this order are consistent with and promulgated in accordance with this order.  The main point of determining the responsibilities of the Office of the Government Ethics is to have a clear basis of determining who is supposed to be overseeing the ethical policies and the implementation thereof. Since this office has been specially designated for such a responsibility, it is expected that it should have specially designed delegation and communication tools of coordinating such policies to other agencies under it. The methods are clear: promulgation, delegation, consultation and dissemination of the policies and procedures with other agencies and of course DOD is not an exemption. It is therefore but fair to conclude that communication tools and the power to use them are available at anytime for the Office of the Government of Ethics to use for synchronizing policies throughout all agencies. Section 301 of Executive Order 12731 specifies how synchronization of ethical policies and standards should be done through the specifications of the responsibilities of the Office of the Government of Ethics. This section directs the agency to : a) Supplement, as necessary and appropriate, the comprehensive executive branch-wide regulations of the Office of Government Ethics, with regulations of special applicability to the particular functions and activities of that agency. Any supplementary agency regulations shall be prepared as addenda to the branch-wide regulations and promulgated jointly with the Office of Government Ethics, at the agencys expense, for inclusion in Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (b) Ensure the review by all employees of this order and regulations promulgated pursuant to the order. c) Coordinate with the Office of Government Ethics in developing annual agency ethics training plans. Such training shall include mandatory annual briefings on ethics and standards of conduct for all employees appointed by the President, all employees in the Executive Office of the President, all officials required to file public or nonpublic financial disclosure reports, all employees who are contracting officers and procurement officials, and any other employees designated by the agency head. d) Where practicable, consult formally or informally with the Office of Government Ethics prior to granting any exemption under section 208 of title 18, United States Code, and provide the Director of the Office of Government Ethics a copy of any exemption granted. (e) Ensure that the rank, responsibilities, authority, staffing, and resources of the Designated Agency Ethics Official are sufficient to ensure the effectiveness of the agency ethics program. Support should include the provision of a separate budget line item for ethics activities, where practicable. The enumeration of such responsibilities appears to be just a matter of written rules for federal agencies. This is especially in the procurement process where more and more people are getting involved in procurement fraud. Every year, millions and millions of dollars are being recovered by the Department of Justice for running after the contractors and DOD personnel who acted in bad faith. Looking at the brighter side of things however, it can be stipulated that such events can be considered an indicator that these policies and rules on ethical standards are now being implemented quite well. Either way, we cannot consider each effort to be successful not until we have the occurrences of fraud lessen to a considerable amount. What should always be the goal is zero tolerance of any type of fraud. The synchronization efforts of the federal government must go beyond the circle of agencies. It is always recommended that the lawmakers be vigilant enough in evaluating every policy and laws governing the federal procurement process. It is their job to look into the flaws in the laws and recommend better and more efficient laws to be implemented. To be fair with enforcement agencies, policies are now in the process of strict implementation as more and more efforts are being done to revise and tighten procurement rules especially in contracting data. The government’s central repository of contracting data has long been criticized for being incomplete and inaccurate. Last year, the Office of Management and Budget launched an effort to clean up what gets fed into the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS) by directing agencies to sample their data for accuracy. The Defense Department is still working on validating its data. Depending on the agency, data is accurately entered into FPDS between 85 percent and 100 percent of the time. Automated reporting has made it easier for agencies to load data into the system and reduced the errors associated with manual entry under the old system. But the volume of contracts has grown, making the issue of validating data more important and more challenging. While the quality of the data in the database is improving, there are still problems, say some critics who use FPDS regularly. Even with automated reporting and validation steps, people entering data still make mistakes the current software can’t catch. The rate the accuracy of the data is a seven out of 10. The new certification requirement has raised the importance of data accuracy to the highest levels of management. Agencies are much more focused on getting data right than they have been in the past. With more than $400 billion spent through procurements each year, the data is critical to managing functions and determining the type of staffing needed, OMB procurement policy chief, in a March memo to agencies. The launch of the federal spending Web site, USASpending. gov, in December has given new insight into the accuracy concerns with FPDS. As of Jan. 31, 6 percent, or $23 billion, of the 2007 contract dollars reported in the system had an unknown level of competition, which means a box in FPDS didn’t get checked. The inaccuracies found in FPDS come from the push to be current, which meant GSA had to relax some of the verification rules. The government had the option of waiting months for perfect data or entering data as contracts were awarded to provide transparency. GSA is seeking smarter validation technologies when it upgrades to the next generation of FPDS in 2010. Instead of simply telling users which fields in their system are missing, GSA hopes to create a system where fields can be compared to make sure the data makes sense, Fornecker said. For example, the system would be able to flag a $6 billion award to a small business or question conflicting information, such as when a contract award is labeled as â€Å"not competed† even though two or more bids were received. The Defense Department won’t have an assessment of the accuracy of its data until spring, said Shay Assad, the department’s procurement policy chief. Software bugs and missing data fields in FPDS were causing some inaccuracies, and those are being fixed, Assad said. The biggest cause for inaccurate data is human error, but system errors also play a role. For example, the Energy Department reported that between 8 percent and 17 percent of its errors came from how FPDS interpreted the data sent by its contract writing system. The remaining errors were human errors, according to the Energy report. The ever-popular multiple-award contracts — long praised by acquisition professionals and contractors as a speedy way to get competitively priced goods and services without threat of protest — are about to get a makeover. The conference report for the Defense authorization bill includes a new rule that would give contractors who are eligible to bid on a multiple-award contract order the right to protest an order worth more than $10 million. The White House and industry have opposed this provision, claiming it would promote unnecessary litigation. Contracting officers would also be prohibited from awarding a task order worth more than $100 million to a single contractor without written justification, further limiting how the contracts are used. The conference report also includes another controversial provision that would require agencies to report all critical inspector general audit findings, including questioned costs, to Congress. Industry groups have opposed this provision saying it could misrepresent routine audit questions and misunderstandings as major contracting irregularities. Other contracting provisions in the bill include: new associate administrator position within the Office of Management and Budget’s procurement policy office that will be dedicated to acquisition work force programs, permanent acquisition work force training fund, and contingency contracting training for people outside the acquisition profession including whistleblower rights for contractor employees. One more thing to reconsider in the policies synchronization is training needs. A yet-unreleased survey of government acquisition employees shows the work force needs more training in contract negotiations, program management and performance-based contracting, a White House official said today. OMB is working with Federal Acquisition Institute and the Defense Acquisition Institute to craft training that targets these and other areas identified in the survey, he said. OMB has approached Congress to renew procurement offices’ direct hire authority, which expired on Sept. 30, to allow agencies to quickly fill these critical positions, he said. OMB is also encouraging agencies to rehire retirees to train and mentor new workers and fill openings. Apart from training rules synchronization, the Department of Defense is also accused of discrimination is hiring or employment procedures including contract awarding against minorities and women. Still, this issue is an important consideration in ethical rules and standards set by the Federal Government. There are critics in an online publication that pinpoints the following areas of improvement in relation to ethical rules synchronization: Reorganization: Some observers emphasize the need to rationalize and coordinate the web of federal programs serving minority- and women-owned firms. For example, in 1992 the U. S. Commission on Minority Business recommended the creation within the Commerce Department of an Administration for the Development of Historically Underutilized Businesses which would assume SBAs responsibilities. Graduation: The program now requires graduation after nine years, and has phased requirements of non-8(a) and non-federal business mix designed to wean firms from sheltered competition and dependency on federal contracting. In February 1995, of the 1,038 firms in the fifth through ninth year of  §8(a) participation, nearly two-thirds met or exceeded the minimum non-8(a) business levels. Some observers have emphasized the need for analogous graduation and business-mix requirements in the DOD and DOT programs. Regional/Sectoral Concentration: Our analysis found SDB contracts and limited competition concentrated in certain industries and regions, which is undesirable for minority and non-minority firms alike. For example, while DODs overall goal for SDBs was only 5 percent, more than 35 percent of all DOD construction awards went to SDBs, and more than two-thirds of these were awarded under sheltered competition. Moreover, in ten States, more than 40 percent of all construction contracts awarded to small business was awarded to SDBs. This concentration occurs at particular sites as well, where in rare instances virtually all small business contracting is with SDBs. On the other hand, some degree of sectoral concentration in SDB procurements is inevitable to balance the many sites and sub-industries with virtually no SDB participation, and huge procurements for weapons systems and the like, for which no SDBs are available as prime contractors, and still too few as major subcontractors. Additional efforts are clearly needed to expand SDB opportunities more broadly. Self-Certification: Because DODs program is based on self-certification by SDBs, it may be prone to abuse, particularly through front companies. For example, DODs IG investigated Tyco Manufacturing and referred the case to the US Attorney. The companys owner pled guilty to charges that he falsely represented his firm as Hispanic-owned and controlled. Top officials of Automated Data Management, Inc. were convicted of conspiracy to defraud the government for concealing the firms ownership structure to participate in the  §8(a) program. Self-certification has obvious advantages in terms of reduced administrative expense and regulatory intrusion. Nevertheless, this must be balanced with the importance of ensuring that affirmative action measures are fair, which means as free of abuses as can reasonably be achieved. Subcontracting: In FY 1993, the most recent data available, small businesses received about $63 billion of federal contract dollars, out of roughly $180 billion in total. About one-third of that amount was from subcontracting. SDBs, on the other hand, received a little over $13 billion in federal contract dollars, but only one-sixth of that was through subcontracting. These figures are consistent with the widely held view that SDBs face greater obstacles to subcontracting participation than do other small firms. The SBA and other agencies believe that expanding the use of SDBs in subcontracting is both feasible and desirable as a strategy for creating more SDB opportunities. Other Program Changes: Several earlier analyses by the GAO, the SBA Inspector General and commentators have raised criticisms of the  §8(a) program, several of which SBA is moving to address by aggressively implementing recent statutory amendments which had languished under the prior Administration. These are reviewed more specifically immediately below. Past criticisms are that too many  §8(a) contracts were awarded on a sole-source basis, i. e. , without competition of any kind. This criticism has largely been addressed by recent and pending reforms. The 1988 law reforming the  §8(a) program requires that companies in the program compete among themselves for contracts valued at $3 million or more. (There is a higher competition threshold of $5 million for manufactured goods. Currently, however, many of the larger  §8(a) contracts are open-ended agreements that started out as small contracts and grew well beyond the competition threshold when a contracting officer renewed the order. To increase the number of contracts available for competition, SBA has proposed regulations to change this procedure so that an estimated value will be set on these open-ended contracts, which probably will be higher than the initial value. This means more  §8(a) contracts will be subject to competitive bidding among participating firms. In all these cases, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy must now especially tighten its implementation techniques. This office does have around $350 billion annual spending (Office of the Federal Procurement Policy, Whitehouse, 2008). According to their website, The Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP) in the Office of Management and Budget â€Å"plays a central role in shaping the policies and practices federal agencies use to acquire the goods and services they need to carry out their responsibilities. Established by Congress in 1974, OFPP is designed to provide overall direction for government-wide procurement policies, regulations and procedures. Given special authority for the procurement policy administration and implementation, OFPP is expected to find the means of having such procurement policies implemented in accordance with the Federal Ethical Standards. OFPP’s statutory authorities and responsibilities are set forth in the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act, 41 U. S. C. 401, et seq. OFPP’s primary responsibilities. First, it is appointed to oversee the development of acquisition regulations. The Office’s primary focus is on the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), the government-wide regulation governing agency acquisitions of goods and services. OFPP staffs are to review and coordinate such changes with the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. It is also its responsibility to formulate and coordinate acquisition legislation. OFPP oversees the formulation of the executive branch position on all legislation relating to procurement. In close consultation with the major procuring agencies, OFPP develops legislative proposals for the Administration and formulates positions on congressional bills addressing acquisition issues. OFPP staff works with OMB’s Legislative Reference Division, Office of Legislative Affairs, and congressional committees to explain and refine legislation as it proceeds through hearings, markups and conference to final passage. Apart from this, OFPP is required to lead the activities of the Chief Acquisition Officers Council (CAOC). The OFPP Administrator leads the Council’s activities on behalf of OMB’s Deputy Director for Management, who officially serves as the Chair. OFPP staff provides support to each of the Council’s working groups, which currently are focusing on competitive sourcing, contracting with small businesses, human capital, electronic government, performance management, and contingency contracting. The office also is responsible for collecting, developing, and disseminating procurement data. This responsibility is accomplished through several government-wide data collection tools, the most significant being the Federal Procurement Data System (FPDS). OFPP directs the Federal Acquisition Institute to improve the caliber and professionalism of the acquisition workforce. For example, FAI provides core acquisition training and workforce support to the civilian acquisition community and actively partners with the Defense Acquisition University to leverage workforce development opportunities. In 2004, OFPP chartered a Board of Directors, which reports to the OFPP Administrator, and ensures that FAI’s focus is synchronized with government-wide policy priorities. OFPP is responsible for developing policies, in consultation with SBA, that promote maximum participation of small businesses in government contracts. Lastly, it serves as Chair of the Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB), an independent board which has exclusive authority to establish standards for use by contractors and subcontractors to achieve uniformity and consistency in the measurement, assignment and allocation of costs to government contracts. The CASB’s cost accounting standards are promulgated as regulations. OFPP provides staff support to the CASB. It is now but fair enough to say that Federal Laws on Ethical Standards relative to procurement policies are well defined, clear and tight enough. The problem arises on the implementation of such rules. It is therefore a strong recommendation to begin the strict implementation of such policies as soon as possible. The step can rightfully begins with appointing or hiring able, dedicated people to oversee the agency and those people whose morality and principle cannot be bought by material things, especially with money where the Federal government and the Department of Defense are undeniably abundant of.

Catalysts In ?A View From The Bridge? And ?The Glass Menagerie? :: essays research papers

Just as in science, a catalyst speeds up the rate of the chemical reaction; in literature, a catalyst is a person, idea or event that initiates and develops the conflict of the story. In â€Å"A View from the Bridge† and â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, the catalysts used are introduced at different points in the plays and play different roles. In â€Å" A View from the Bridge†, Rodolpho, the catalyst, is introduced in the exposition, and plays a major role in the play. He initiates the conflict by being attracted to Catherine, and by the fact that Catherine is attracted to him as well. The fact that he is introduced in the exposition, allows for the author to develop his character, and thus allows for the audience to sympathise with him instead of Eddie. This development gives the audience a high quality catalyst as it can relate to Rodplpho. Rodolpho creates a heavy tension in the family, due to his relationship with Catherine. This tension relates to the play’s theme of obsession as it is caused by Eddie’s obsession with Catherine. How Rodolpho relates to the main theme and develops the tension make him a quality catalyst. Jim, the catalyst in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, is introduced in the complications of the play, and though he initiates the conflict, he does not develop it. This may be due to the fact that he was introduced too late into the play, and because his character was not developed. This underdevelopment of his character produces a lower quality catalyst as the audience cannot relate to Jim, and also because he participates little in the play. The tension created by Jim relates to the theme of betrayal, when he tells Laura that he is engaged after he led her on and kissed her. Jim’s inefficiency to develop the plot results in a less dramatic climax in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†.

Rhetorical Situation Essay

The rhetorical situation consists of a few different elements that the writer must consider when planning and writing an effective essay. The reader must consider his or her place within the rhetorical situation as they critically read a work in order to better understand the work’s general argument. A rhetorical situation has four components which include audience, purpose, persona and context. The audience includes the readers who your essay is implied to, the purpose is the reason for your writing, the persona is the way the author is presenting themselves in their writing, and the context includes the factors that influence writing such as their background history. These components are what make up a rhetorical situation and without them there is no rhetorical situation.  One of the first components of the rhetorical situation includes the audience, which is who the writing is directed to. In this case, the audience would be our professor. According to the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, â€Å"Sometimes teachers will play the role of â€Å"interested reader† and read your writing just to find out what you’re thinking or to get to know you better as a writer and a thinker† (29). When our professor reads our writing it gives them a better understanding of the writer, their thoughts, and imaginations expressed in words. Every kind of writing has its own audience they imply to and therefore it is important for a writer to know who their audiences are. Knowing your audience helps you to make decisions about what information you should include, how you should arrange that information, and what kind of supporting details will be necessary for the reader to understand what you are presenting. Audience also influences the tone and structure of the document. In Craik’s article, â€Å"Memory Changes In Normal and Pathological Aging,† he states, â€Å"Declining memory abilities are reported by virtually all older adults and give rise to the greatest number of complaints about aging in older people† (343). This shows that the audience Craik is mostly implying to would be older adults because those are the kinds of people who experience declining memory loss. As stated in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, â€Å"Your audience will affect your purpose for writing, the persona you take on, and the way you develop and organize your text† (29). This clearly shows how important audience is and  how much it affects the other components of the rhetorical situation such as purpose, persona and text. One of the second components of the rhetorical situation would be the purpose which is the writer’s reason for writing such as to inform, entertain, explain or persuade. The purpose of an article is typically included in the introduction to give the reader an accurate, concrete understanding of what the document will cover and what the audience can gain from reading it. According to the CSUS Writing Handbook , â€Å"A writer’s purpose could include the goals the writer has for her writing, the purpose that’s set out for the writer in a teacher’s assignment, and the influence of factors like the audience the writer is addressing or the type of writing† (29). The purpose can also be described as the goals the writer is trying to accomplish in their writing for its audience to know what the article is about. It is important for readers to recognize that behind every text is a writer, and that the writer has a purpose or reason for writing and a particular point of view. For example, in the article â€Å"Memory Changes in Normal and Pathological Aging†, the purpose of this article was to inform others how memory loss occurs as one ages. A writer can have many purposes such as to inform the reader by providing them information, persuade or influence, and entertain. In this case Craik was trying to inform his audience in his article by giving factual information about memory loss and its symptoms. Persona is another component of the rhetorical situation which is the way the writer presents there selves in the text. Many concepts such as the way the writer includes voice, tone, attitude and the words they use in a text describes the persona of an article. As stated in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, â€Å"The persona you take on in your writing will depend on your purpose for writing, the subject you’re writing about, the audience you’re writing to, the type of text you’re writing, and the context for writing† (29). For example, if an authors tone is very serious in their writing with many facts, information and research included, then their writing would most likely pertain to people like scientists, doctors or researchers. Therefore, this is how the persona of an article can easily shape their audience because of the kind of tone the author displays. In the article â€Å"Memory Changes in Normal and Pathological Aging†, Craik presents himself with a  more serious tone and goes straight to the point. How he stated facts and statistics on memory loss creates the persona of his article. One of the last components of the rhetorical situation would be the context. As mentioned in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, â€Å"The context of a rhetorical situation includes all the broader social, cultural, and historical factors that can influence writing† (29). This includes such information such as the background information of the author like where they are from or their history as a writer, it can include their cultural background, information on where and when they created their writing, or the history of the rhetorical situation. In many kinds of articles the authors clearly state personal information about themselves such as where they were born or other information to give their reader a better understanding of them. According to Bazerman, â€Å"The conversational model points up the fact that writing occurs within the context of previous writing and advances the total sum of the discourse† (658). By this quote Bazerman means that context can also include others past experiences that the writer has learned about. â€Å"Context could also be related to the type of text you’re writing—for example, in a timed essay test factors like how long you have to write and how broad or narrow the questions are will have a major effect on what you say and how you say it†, as quoted in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook (29). Therefore, not only does context include background history of an author, but context can also include instructions when you are witting a timed essay.   Whenever we write, whether it’s email to a friend or a toast for a wedding, an English essay or a resume, we face some kind of a rhetorical situation. The term the â€Å"Rhetorical Situation† is used to refer to all the features of audience, purpose, persona and context. These are all important elements that we need to think about carefully because it becomes a part of our everyday lives. Works Cited Bazerman, Charles. â€Å"A Relationship between Reading and Writing: The Conversational Model.† College English 41.6 (1980), 656-661. Craik, Fergus I. M. â€Å" Memory Changes in Normal and Pathological Aging.† Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53.6 (2008): 343-345 Melzer, Dan, et al, eds. Student Writing Handbook. Sacramento, CA: Sacramento State University, 2009.

Book Report Liberty Elementary - 1458 Words

Ever school has carried its legends, secrets, and stories, many which are overseen by the curriculum. In Liberty Elementary, there lies, ones secret that tends to stir the minds of the students every so often that Halloween approaches, and the coaches are given the opportunity to scare the children. According to Coach Espinoza, the story ties way back to the 1900’s when the city was in its midst expanding into further other unsettled territory. It was a dark night, and a group of four went out and about through the wilderness where they chose to take beer, along with material to build a fire to talk about life and its finality. It was him, Coach Wally, along with three other staff members from the old Eagle Pass High School. Wally didn’t†¦show more content†¦During his sleep, the usual evening freight began its haul, along with several loud horn noise that the body did not respond to. The train continued to approach the body as it laid asleep. Without any further response, the train treaded off and severed the head. Several years ahead the Coach Espinoza call the story to be a legendary haunt that condemns all coaches that work in the school next to the tracks where Coach Wally perished, for he is out searching for a new body to replace the head which was separated from him. Although coach may call it a tall tale that lives in the children’s imagination, there still lives a side to the story that haunts the school ever so often the spirit chooses. According to the first principle of Liberty Elementary, whose name died off with replacement, one night she returned to the school after hours to pick up a report. Choosing to only turn on a few lights, she spotted a mysterious figure in the shadows that cloaked the visible light, entering the Woman’s staff restroom. From a distance, it was dull, but surly a person. Too terrified to inspect, she evacuated the building, locked up the school, and headed home. One other mysterious encounter in the school occurred one night when Coach Espinoza left his gradebook in his office in the gym and went later that night to pick it up. However, when he left the office, he noticed a strange-looking man behind one of the pillars. Coach paced it way to the figure, and the closer he